Multifunctional compositions for surface applications

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to the preparation of surface cleaning and protection compositions. A typical embodiment of this invention may be a lotion, a soap, a cream, an aerosol, a gel, a medicinal lotion, a fabric cleanser, a furniture polish, an automobile polish, and a cleanser for other solid surfaces. The use of polyhederal oligomeric silsequioxane (POSS) allows greater flexibility in delivering active agents to a surface as well as for surface protection from irritants. The current invention discloses compositions for a variety of applications ranging from skin care, home hygiene, health care, entertainment, and children training/education. The compositions may provide molecular-level benefits, form breathable protection layers on a surface (e.g. skin), provide UV protection, provide foaming effects or allow users (consumers) to know when or if the cleaning is complete.

[0001] The present invention relates to the preparation of surfacecleaning and protection compositions.

[0002] Technological innovations in surface cleaning and protection,particularly in skin care, are clearly trending to multifunctionalproducts. Consumers want products that not only provide cosmeticbenefits, but which also improve skin health and bring them comfort andenjoyment. Not only do they demand natural-based, anti-oxidant-richproducts to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, but theyalso want products to prevent premature aging and damage. Theformulation industry thus continues to evolve better products withimproved raw materials and better delivery of functional materials,while keeping the focus on aesthetics, beauty, and safety.

[0003] In trying to meet the customer demands for multifunctionalproducts, more and more manufacturers are taking a “cocktail” approach:offering a variety of benefits in a single product by mixing all thenecessary ingredients together in one product. One example of such aproduct is Proctor & Gamble's Olay with multiple vitamin ingredients forspecially designed delivery systems. Another example is Clearance Timeby Origins, an AHA (alpha hydroxyl acid) product for oily skin in whichsalicylic acid, seaweed extract, oat extract and silica microspheres areused together to absorb oil and give a matte finish.

[0004] Although there is nothing wrong with the “cocktail” approach,there are severe constraints in formulating such products. Firstly, itrequires sophisticated formulation strategies to mix many ingredientstogether, a goal which is often difficult to achieve considering thatthe ingredients may have very different solubility and stabilityproperties. Mixing multiple hydrophilic and hydrophobic ingredientstogether, for example, is not an easy task if these materials requiredifferent formulation temperatures or solvents. In addition, thestability of the finished product becomes a serious concern becauseemulsion systems with many ingredients are known to be fragile and oftenunstable for long-term storage.

[0005] Accordingly, there is a need for stable surface cleaning andprotection compositions that can deliver multifunctional benefits. Moreparticularly, there is a need to produce surface cleaning and protectionformulations that contain one or more ingredients that aremultifunctional. The term “multifunctional” means that a singleingredient can provide more than one benefits, as distinguished from thetraditional “cocktail” approach. In addition, there is a need to producesurface cleaning and protection formulations that are not onlymultifunctional, but which are multifunctional at a molecular-level.There is, furthermore, a need to develop new formulation strategies forproducing molecular-level, multifunctional products.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] In response to the discussed difficulties and problemsencountered in the prior art, new compositions for a variety ofapplications ranging from skin care, home hygiene, health care,entertainment, and children training/education are disclosed. The use ofpolyhederal oligomeric silsequioxane (POSS) in the formulations allowsgreater flexibility in delivering active agents to a surface forcleaning as well as for surface protection from irritants. Thecompositions may provide molecular-level benefits such as formingbreathable protection layers on a surface (e.g. skin), providing UVprotection through the “hollow sphere” effect, providing foaming effectsand allowing users to know when or if the cleaning is complete.Formulations benefiting from the inclusion of POSS compounds includelotions, creams, aerosols, gels, soaps, medicinal lotions, fabriccleansers, furniture polishes, automobile polishes, and cleansers forother solid surfaces.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007]FIG. 1 is a representative sketch of POSS hybrid havingmolecular-level functional ingredients. The R and X groups can bemodified to be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

[0008]FIG. 2 is a three dimensional drawing of a multi-functional POSScompound with hydrophilic groups on the cage and hydrophilic OH group onthe end of the arm. The cage area is suitable for small molecule such asoxygen to pass and also refract UV light.

[0009]FIG. 3 is a graph to show the UV light absorption of POSScompounds on a glass slide. The lowest line is the UV absorption of theglass slide alone. The middle line is the UV absorption after 5 minutesof drying and the upper line the UV absorption after 3 hours of drying.

[0010]FIG. 4 is a graph showing the enhancement of SPF numbers by a POSScompound in a sunscreen formulation that contains avobenzone andtitanium dioxide. The Y-axis indicates absorbance and the X-axisindicates the wavelength from 250 to 400 nanometers. The square labeledlines are UV absorption spectrum for a POSS containing formulation whilethe triangle labeled lines are UV absorption spectrum for a POSS-freeformulation.

[0011]FIG. 5 is a graph showing the SPF increase for a foaming sunscreencontaining a POSS compound. The Y-axis indicates absorbance and theX-axis indicates the wavelength from 250 to 400 nanometers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The present invention desirably provides molecular-level benefitsto a variety of formulations such as lotions, creams, gels, soaps,detergents, etc. Molecular-level benefits means that the formulation cancontact or interact with a variety of surfaces, one example being theskin, at a molecular level, and provide functional benefits at amolecular-level. Examples of such molecular-level benefits, particularlyfor skin care, include cleansing, shining, moisturizing, smoothingdryness, providing comfort, strengthening, UV protection, and so forth.In providing such desired molecular-level benefits, one or more ofmolecular-level functional ingredients is/are included in theformulation as described below.

[0013] A typical embodiment of this invention may be a lotion, a cream,an aerosol, a gel, a soap, a medicinal lotion, a fabric cleanser, afurniture polish, an automobile polish, and a cleanser for other solidsurfaces. Various embodiments of the invention such as lotions, soaps,creams, aerosols, gels, and medicinal lotions, may be suitable forapplication to consumer items like facial and toilet tissue and topersonal care products like diapers, training pants, feminine hygieneproducts and adult care products.

[0014] The materials desirably have both inorganic and organic fragmentsin their framework. The definitions of “inorganic” and “organic” hererefer to traditionally accepted meanings for these two terms defined bycommon chemistry text books, namely: “organic” is related tocarbon-based and associated with “life” while “inorganic’ covers allother atoms and their chemistry. Materials having carbon-metal bonds areoften called “organometallics” and are also considered suitable for usein the invention. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, any compoundor material that has both “inorganic” and “organic” fragments isdescribed herein as a “hybrid” material.

[0015] The suitable molecular-level multi-functional ingredients for thecurrent invention can be selected from the group consisting of apolyhederal oligomeric silsequioxane (POSS), zeolite, cyclomacroether,porphyrin, foldamer, dendrimers, cyclodextrin and mixtures thereof.Various substituents or moieties may be attached to these nanostructuredmaterials for reaching multifunctional benefits. These reactive moietiesinclude alkyls, alcohols, alkoxysilanes, amines, chlorosilanes,epoxides, esters, halides, methacrylates, molecular silicas, nitriles,norbornenes, olefins, phosphines, silanes, silanols, styrenic polymers,polyolefins, and mixtures thereof. The reactive moiety may be bondeddirectly to the nanostructured compound or may be bonded through anorganic, siloxane or organosiloxane group.

[0016] The nanostructured compound may desirably be a POSS compound orderivative having a cage composed of silicon and oxygen, and having amolecular formula of:

Si_(x)O_(3/2x)R_(x)

[0017] where x ranges from 4 to 60, and R is a moiety defined abovewhich may be bonded directly to the silicon atoms forming the cage.Desirably, x is 4, 8, 10, 12 and/or 14. A description of possible cagesis discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,638 and various academic articlessuch as Silsequioxane-Siloxane Copolymers from PolyhedralSilsesquioxanes in the journal Macromolecules, 1993, 26, p 2141-2142.Each of the cages can be further modified by attaching reactive moietiesto the cage atoms. FIG. 1 is a representative sketch of a POSS hybridhaving molecular-level functional ingredients. The R and X groups can bemodified to be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. FIG. 2 is a threedimensional drawing of a multi-functional POSS compound with hydrophilicgroups on the cage and hydrophilic OH group on the end of the arm. Thecage area is suitable for small molecule such as oxygen to pass and alsorefract UV light. POSS hybrid chemical compounds are commerciallyavailable from Hybrid Plastics™ of Fountain Valley, Calif.(www.hybridplastics.com).

[0018] Examples of POSS compounds include but not limited to following:

[0019] 1-[3-(allylbisphenolA)propyldimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,-15heptacyclopentylpentacyclo-[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0020] 1-[3-(allylbiphenol)propyidimethylsiloxy]3,5,7,9,11,13,15heptacyclopentylpentacyclo-[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0021]1-[3-(1,3-propanediol-2-ethyl-2-methyloxy)propyidimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo-[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0022]1-[(2-methyl,2-hydroxy)butyldimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo-[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane

[0023]1-[3-(ethoxydimethylsilyl)propyl]3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15,17,13]octasiloxane

[0024]1-[2-(diethoxymethylsilyl)propyl]5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15,17,13]octasiloxane:

[0025]1-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15,17,13]octasiloxane;

[0026]1-[2-(ethoxydimethylsilyl)ethyl]3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15,17,13]octasiloxane

[0027]1-[2-(diethoxymethylsilyl)propyl]3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15,17,13]octasiloxane;

[0028]1-[2-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15,17,13]octasiloxane;

[0029] POSS-BisPhenol A-urethanes

[0030] POSS-DiMethylol-urethanes;

[0031]1-chloro-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0032]1-[2-(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0033]1-[2-(dichloromethylsilyl)ethyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0034] 1-[2-(trichlorosilyl)ethyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9. 5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0035]1-[3-(chlorodimethylsilyl)propyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]-octasiloxane;

[0036]1-[3-(dichloromethylsilyl)propyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]-octasiloxane;

[0037]1-[3-(trichlorosilyl)propyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0038]1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-[2-(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethyl]pentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0039]1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-[2-(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethyl]pentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0040]1,3,5,7,9,111,13,15-[2-(dichlorodimethylsilyl)ethyl]pentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0041]1-[(2-epoxy)propyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0042]1-[2-(cyclohexyl-3-epoxy)ethyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]-octasiloxane;

[0043] POSS-diepoxide resins;

[0044] 1,3,5,7,9-octavinyl-11,13,15-epoxyethylpentacyclo[9.5.1.1.3,9.1.15,15.1.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0045]endo-3,7,14-tris[1-(3-dimethylsiloxy)propyloxy-2,3--epoxypropyl]-1,3,5,7,9,11,14,-heptacyclopentyltricyclo[7.3.3.1,5,11]-heptasiloxane;

[0046]1-(methylpropionato)-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.1.sup.3,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0047]1-(ethylundecanoato)-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.1.sup.3,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0048]1-[(3-chloro)propyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0049]1-[4-chlorophenyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,1 3]octasiloxane

[0050]1-[chlorobenzyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0051]1-[2-(chlorobenzyl)ethyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclof[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0052]1-[3-(methacryl)propyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentacyclo[9.5.113,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0053]1-[3-(methacryl)propyldimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]-octasiloxane;

[0054]1-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyidimethylsiloxy)-1,3,5,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentyl-7-[3-(methacryl)propyl]-7-methyltetracyclo[9.5.1.15,11.19,15]octasiloxane;

[0055]1-(tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyldimethylsiloxy)-1,3,5,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentyl-7-[3-(methacryl)propyl]-7-methyltetracyclo[9.5.1.15,11.19,15]octasiloxane;

[0056]1-(trimethylsiloxy)-1,3,5,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentyl-7-[3-(methacryl)propyl]-7-methyltetracyclo[9.5.1.15,11.19,15]octasiloxane;

[0057]1,3,5,7,9-pentavinyl-11,13,15-[1-hydroxy-2-(methacryl)ethyl]pentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0058]1,3,5,7,9,11-hexacyclohexyltetracyclo[5.5.1.13,11.15,9]hexasiloxane;

[0059] 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octacyclohexylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane

[0060]1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0061] 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaphenylpentayclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13,]octasiloxane;

[0062] 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octamethylpentayclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13,]octasiloxane;

[0063]1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octakis(dimethylsilyloxy)pentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.1.sup.5,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0064] POSS-modified Nylon 6;

[0065]1-[(3-cyano)propyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.1.sup.3,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0066]1-[2-(Norbornen-2-yl)ethyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0067]1-[2-(Norbornen-2-yl)ethyldimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]-octasiloxane;

[0068] Poly(ethylnorbomenylPOSS-co-norbornene);

[0069] 1,1,3,3-(Norbornenyldimethylsiloxy)-1,3,-dicyclohexyldisiloxane

[0070] 1-[3-(allylbisphenolA)propyldimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15heptacyclopentylpentacyclo-[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0071]1-[3-(allylbiphenol)propyldimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,-11,13,15heptacyclopentylpentacyclo-[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0072] 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octavinylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0073]1-vinyl-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0074]1-allyl-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane

[0075]1-[2-(cyclohexen-3-yl)ethyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0076] Poly(dimethyl-co-methylvinyl-co-methylethylsiloxyPOSS)siloxane;

[0077] POSS-diepoxide resins;

[0078] POSS-BisPhenol A-urethanes;

[0079]1-[2(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0080]1-[2(diphenylphosphino)propyl]3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0081]1-hydrido-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane;

[0082]1-[hydridodimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane

[0083]endo-3,7,14-tri(dimethylsilylhydrido)-1,3,5,7,9,11,14-heptacycopentyltricyclo[7.3.3.15,15,11]heptasiloxane;

[0084] 1,1,3,3-(hydridodimethylsiloxy)-1,3-dicyclohexyldisiloxane

[0085]Poly(dimethyl-co-methylhydrido-co-methylpropylPOSS)siloxaneendo-3,7,14-trihydroxy-1,3,5,7,9,11,14-heptacyclopentyltricyclo[7.3.3.15,11]heptasiloxane;

[0086]endo-3,7,14-trihydroxy-1,3,5,7,9,11,14-heptacyclohexyltricyclo[7.3.3.15,11]heptasiloxane;

[0087]1-hydroxy-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane; 1,1,3,3-(tetrahydroxy)-1,3-dicyclohexyldisiloxane;

[0088] 1,3,5,7-(tetrahydroxy)-1,3,5,7-(tetraphenyl)cyclotetrasiloxane;

[0089]endo-7,14-dihydroxy-3-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyldimethylsiloxy)-1,3,5,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentyltricyclo[7.3.3.15,11]octasiloxane;

[0090] ,3,5,7-(tetrahydroxy)-1,3,5,7, -(tetraphenyl)cyclotetrasiloxane

[0091]endo-7,14,-dihydroxy-3-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyldimethylsiloxy)-1,3,5,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentyltricyclo[7.3.3.1^(5,11)]octasiloxane

[0092]1-[2-(styryl)ethyldimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]-octasiloxane;

[0093]1-[(4-vinyl)phenyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane

[0094]1-[2-(styryl)ethyl]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclopentylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]-octasiloxane;

[0095] R=cyclopentyl, TMP DiolCyclopentyl-POSS

[0096] R=i-butyl, Trans-CyclohexaneDiollsobutyl-POSS

[0097] R=i-butyl, 1,2-PropaneDiollsobutyl-POSS

[0098] R=i-butyl, Aminopropyllsobutyl-POSS

[0099] R=i-octyl, Aminopropyllsobutyl-POSS

[0100] R=i-butyl, Aminoethylaminopropyllsobutyl-POSS

[0101] R=Cyclopentyl, IsocyanatopropyldimethylsilylCyclopentyl-POSS

[0102] R=i-butyl, MethacryllsobutylTitanium-POSS

[0103] OctaAmmonium-POSS

[0104] OctaAmmonium-POSS

[0105] Poly(styrylPOSS-co-styrene)

[0106] poly(vinylsilsesquioxane)

[0107] and structures having 10 and 12 silicon atoms in the cage.

[0108] In another desired embodiment, the molecular-level hybridingredients are covalently bonded to a larger molecule, for example, asa pendant group on an organic or organosiloxane polymer. In addition orin the alternative, the hybrid compound is a repeat unit in an oligomeror polymer. An example of oligomeric binding of the POSS is as follows:

[0109] It's desired to include molecular-level nanostructured POSScompounds into a composition to provide a breathable protection layer onthe skin.

[0110] Conventional methods of producing a breathable layer depend onvery complex physical and chemical theories, notably membrane laws byFick, and solution-diffusion of gases in polymers. Zeolites used asmolecular sieves require additional work, such as pressure changes, ortemperature sieving manipulations to effect gas permeation. The mainlimiting factor is that the size of the opening through which the skinnutrients, such as oxygen, must pass, cannot be controlled or structuredto eliminate hole size from being a variable in the “permeationcoefficient”. It is thus advantageous to form a breathable surface (e.g.skin) protection layer with high uniformity and regularity.

[0111] POSS compounds are capable of enhancing small molecule separationfor the passage of oxygen through the skin, though the breathability ofa POSS containing protection layer is not limited to only oxygen. Othersmall molecules such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water are alsopermeable through such layers. Such properties of POSS compositionsallow the maintenance of a “pseudo” natural environment for the skineven with a protection layer.

[0112] It's believed that POSS compounds create a rigid “backbone” ofinorganic material within the organic molecular structure of monomersand polymers, separating the organic components and actually creating asmall hole in the organic material. The hole sizes are on the order ofAngstroms and can be varied over an appreciable range, depending uponthe combination of the specific POSS compound and the monomer or polymerselected. If more selectivity or “fine tuning” of the hole sizes isrequired, the POSS compounds can be used with organic materials thatpossess considerable elasticity. If such materials are stretched, theholes in the material become elongated in the direction of stretching,and become smaller in the direction normal to the stretching force. Theelasticity of such POSS compositions is important because surfacetemperature or conditions may vary according to the environmentalchanges.

[0113] As noted above, various moieties may be attached to thenanostructured materials. The composition for breathability may also bea blend of at least two different polymers or may be a random or blockcopolymer of at least two different polymeric segments. The compositionmay have at least one polymeric segment selected from the groupconsisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, silicon oils, polyvinyl,polycarbonate, polyurethane, poly(diorgano)siloxane, polysulfone,polyamide, poly(epoxide), polyepichlorohydrin, polyether, polyester,polyketone, and polyalkylene. Wherein the organo-group of thepoly(diorgano)siloxane is selected from the group consisting of methyl,ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl,hexyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl; wherein the polyvinyl is selected from thegroup consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene),polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl bromide, poly(vinyl acetate),poly(alkyl)acrylate, poly(alkyl)methacrylate, poly(acrylic acid) or saltthereof, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) orsalt thereof, and poly(vinyl methyl ketone); wherein the polyether isselected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol),poly(propylene glycol), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(ethylenesuccinate), polyacetal, and polytetrahydrofuran; and wherein thepolyalkylene is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene,polypropylene and polybutadiene. In another aspect, In the preparationof the breathable protection composition, the POSS nanostructuredcompound may be bonded through a reactive group to the composition.

[0114] In another aspect, it's desired to provide a molecular-leveltopical protection layer with formulations that contain POSS compoundsand that are breathable. POSS compounds not only can be modified to havea reactive coupling group for attachment on the surface but also can usetheir cages/caged polymer networks to provide multiple benefits such asthe delivery of a bioactive agent. In POSS compounds, the reactive Xgroups can be modified and formulated to be able to readily react andchemically bond to the surfaces (e.g. skin). The chemically bonded POSSlayer on the surface then behaves as a delivery system while providingother protection functions such as, for example, UV radiation. In thismanner, it is possible for POSS to provide for the long-term adhesionand slow-release of various bioactive agents on the surface of humanskin. Agents activated for reaction with the skin surface and that bindthe bioactive agent to the skin surface enhances safety for manybioactive agents. The bioactive agents may be used to act as sunscreens,antimicrobials, deodorants, skin protectants, skin moisturizers, and forenhanced repellency to microorganisms, chemicals, insect bites, water,plant irritants such as poison ivy/oak, and other skin irritants. Othereffects such as artificial skin coloring and administration of topicaldrugs, among others may also be possible.

[0115] Antimicrobial agents include phenol, creosols, hydrozybenzoates,resorcinol, 4-hexylresorcinol, hexachlorophene, triclosan,salicylanilide, tetracycline, quinolones, bacitracin, gramicidin,polymyxin B, streptomycin B, neomycin A, erythromycin, gentamicin,chlorhexidine, pyrithione, miconazole, thimersal, triclocarban,cloflucarban and various penicillins.

[0116] In another aspect of the invention, the use of POSS compoundsbrings another benefit: the “hollow sphere” effect, to the formulationsin which they are contained. The hollow sphere effect refers to theability reflect and refract light. Latex hollow sphere nanoparticles caneffectively enhance the sun protection factor (SPF) numbers by as highas 80 percent as noted in U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,213, to Rohm &Haas(Philadelphia, Pa.). The '213 patent discloses sunscreen formulationsthat use SunSphere® hollow particles to enhance SPF numbers. Althoughit's advantageous to use latex particles to produce the hollow sphereeffect, it's even more advantageous to have a molecular-level hollowsphere effect. The caged nanostructures of POSS compounds allows them tobe ideal molecular-level hollow spheres.

[0117] The hollow sphere effect of the POSS cages reflects some of thelight away from the skin of a wearer, for example, or refracts ittowards UV absorbers in the balance of a sun protection formulation. UVabsorbers suitable for use with POSS include oxybenzone, dioxybenzone,sulisobenzone, methyl anthranilate, para-aminobenzoic acid, amylparadimethyaminobenzoate, ethyl 4-bis(hydroxypropyl)para-aminobenzoate,diethanolamine para-methyoxycinnamate, 2-ethoxyethylpara-methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl para methoxycinnamate, octylparamethoxycinnamate, isoamyl para-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl 2cyano-3, 3-diphenyl-acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, homomenthylsalicylate, glyceryl aminobenzoate, triethanolamine salicylate,digalloyl trioleate, lawsone with dihydroxyacetone,2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, benzylidine camphor, avobenzone,titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.

[0118] In order to demonstrate the possible hollow sphere effect, asolution of a POSS compound was dissolved into a hydrocarbon pentanesolution and coated onto quartz glass slide as discussed in Example 2below. After evaporation of the pentane solvent, a UV range absorptionspectrum was taken and the result is shown in FIG. 3. In furtherdemonstrating such an effect, a sunscreen was prepared and the SPFnumber was measured and compared to the same formulation without POSS.The results clearly demonstrated the UV wavelength light scatteringproperties of this type of compound. Light scattering properties aredesired for many cosmetics.

[0119] POSS compounds can be formulated either through oil phase orwater phase mixing, though the predominate phase of the composition isusually water. It should be noted that the current invention is suitablebut not limited to two phase systems such as water-in-oil oroil-in-water systems. Multiple emulsion systems as well asmolecular-level emulsion systems are also desired for producing suchformulations.

[0120] Desirably, water soluble POSS compounds are formulated into thewater phase of the compositions and hydrocarbon soluble POSS compoundsare formulated into the oil phase of compositions. In cases where nosuitable solvents are available, they can be formulated as a suspension.For some embodiments, heat may be necessary to accelerate the dissolvingprocess.

[0121] Suitable oils for use in the compositions of the presentinvention include all of the conventional water-insoluble liquid orsemi-solid mineral (including mixtures of petroleum derived hydrocarbonscontaining 10 or more carbon atoms), vegetable, synthetic and animaloils, including fatty acid esters, lanolin, etc. The particular oilsselected for a composition will depend upon its desired function and/orits ability to dissolve additives such as fragrances, waxes,medicaments, etc.

[0122] Suitable waxes include semi-solid and solid vegetable, mineral,animal and synthetic waxes, present in amounts which are soluble in theoils present to form liquid oil/wax mixtures.

[0123] POSS containing formulations containing both water andhydrocarbons desirably have between 10 and 90 weight percent water, froma positive amount to 50 weight percent POSS with the balancehydrocarbon, more desirably between about 20 and 60 weight percentwater, between about 2 and 30 weight percent POSS, and hydrocarbon, moredesirably between about 35 and 45 weight percent water, between about 2and 10 weight percent POSS, and hydrocarbon.

[0124] POSS compounds that have alkyl hydrocarbon groups have greatsolubilities in volatile organic solvents such as pentanes, hexanes,heptanes, and mixtures thereof. Accordingly, the current invention addsother benefits to the POSS containing formulations by combining volatilehydrocarbons with POSS compounds to provide foaming capabilities. Thedesired volatile organic foam-producing liquids are those having a vaporpressure from about 967-1484.2 mmHg (4 to 14 psig) at temperaturesbetween about 32-38° C. (90 to 100° F.), most desirably hydrocarbonshaving 5 or 6 carbon atoms such as isopentane, pentane and hexane. Thevolatile organic liquid may be present in an amount between about 1 and20 weight percent, desirably between 7 and 12 weight percent.

[0125] The volatility of low boiling point organic solvents helps tocreate the foams upon vaporization and can be used as an indicator forwhen and if cleaning is complete. The foaming function is a positiveinnovation for consumers who want to know if cleaning is complete, andalso for parents/teachers/caregivers who want to educate/train childrento follow cleaning procedures in the home, school, public areas, etc.The combination of POSS compounds and volatile organic solvents not onlyprovides foaming but also may provide molecule-level protection benefitssuch as breathability and UV protection, discussed above.

[0126] POSS compounds and organic foaming agents may be combined withother foaming technologies such as dispensing as an aerosol to addspecial effects for the foaming process. Air trapped in the formulation,for example, may more effectively bring volatile organic solvents to thesurface for enhanced foaming. Such a combination may also create asensation of cooling on the skin upon applying the foaming composition.The use of low boiling point solvents, furthermore, assures the rapidformation of a skin protection layer. As a functional ingredientcarrier, low boiling point solvents will quickly precipitate functionalingredients onto a surface, because they are the first to vaporize inthe formulation. This provides an easy and practical way to designformulations that can selectively form a protection layer on the skin,depending on the solubility of functional ingredients in these solvents.

[0127] The POSS compounds can in some cases be considered as asurfactant if their cages are hydrophobic and their arms arehydrophilic. In such cases they enable the presence of large amounts ofoil or oil/wax in water, in fact, this may allow the incorporation offrom about 5 to about 60 weight percent of the oil or oil/wax, desirablyfrom 20 to about 35 weight percent of the oil or oil/wax, in water as anemulsion. While various POSS compounds may function as a surfactant,additional surfactants may be necessary depending on the POSS compoundchosen and the type and amount of hydrocarbon and water to be includedin the composition, as well as other factors. If present, a non-POSSsurfactant may be used in an amount up to about 15 weight percent, moredesirably about 10 weight percent.

[0128] Surfactants contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments thatincrease the solubility of the hydrocarbons in water. In some cases thismay result in excessive foaming, sometimes requiring foam suppressingagents or anti-foams. The most desired mild surfactants that usually donot need foam suppressing agents include anionic materials such assodium methyl cocoyl taurate (sodium salts of N-methyl taurine-coconutoil amides, referred to herein as SMCT); disodium cocamidomonoisopropanol amide sulfosuccinate (disodium salts ofsulfo-2-cocamide-1-methyl ethyl esters of butanedioic acid, referred toherein as DCMS); sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (sodium salt ofsulfo-1-dodecyl ester of acetic acid, referred to herein as SLSA);dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (sodium salt of the diester of2-ethylhexyl alcohol and sulfosuccinic acid, referred to herein as DSS),and amphoteric materials such as cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine,referred to herein as CHS, and combinations of such surfactants witheach other or with small amounts of other foam-boosting surfactants.

[0129] While some surfactants by their nature do not need the additionof anti-foams, other surfactants are not suitable for commercialutilization without them. In cases where more than 10 to 15 weightpercent hydrocarbons are used for the foaming compositions, the additionof foam-suppressing compounds or detergents may increase the solubilityof the volatile hydrocarbon component. The inclusion of foam-suppressingcompounds, desirably in amounts between about 3 and 7 weight percentwhere necessary, in combination with highly foaming surfactants, allowsthe use of a greater variety of surfactants which, alone, are not usefulfor the preparation of suitable commercial products. Combinations ofthis type can be obtained by adding alcohols, alkoxy alcohols, and soforth to surfactants like sodium lauryl sulfate, referred to herein asSLS, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, referred to herein as ALS, and manyother surfactants generally of the anionic type. A similarfoam-controlling effect can be obtained by blending high foamingsurfactants, generally of the anionic type, with low foamingsurfactants. The desired low foaming surfactants used for this foamcontrolling effect are generally of the non-ionic and the amphoterictype. Typical of these are nonoxinol-9 (nonionic) and cocampho-carboxylglycinate (amphoteric), referred to herein as CCG.

[0130] The desired foam suppressing agents are alcohols, alkoxyalcohols, low foaming surfactants and any other suitable compounds thathelp prevent the compositions of the invention from self-dispensing attemperatures well in excess of room temperature.

[0131] In still another embodiment of the invention, the foaming controlmay be combined with color. Colors can be added in solvents in eitherthe oil or water phase. Colored foams are more appealing, especially forchildren in training for cleaning habits. Desirably, color dyes for thecurrent invention are environmentally safe and do no harm to appliedsurfaces (e.g. skin, etc). Color producing compounds suitable for use inthis invention include those US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)approved color additives such as D&C Green No.8, FD&C Blue No.1,carotene and so on. The full list of color additives used for cosmeticscan be found in the FDA website(http://www.cfsan.gov/˜dms/opa-col2.html). If used, dyes may be presentin a minor amount of the composition, desirably less than about 5 weightpercent.

[0132] More desirably, dyes used in the practice of the currentinvention can change color upon vaporization of the volatile organicsolvents. The dye may be colorless in hydrocarbons, for example, andturn to other colors (e.g. blue, red, etc) upon removal of the solvents.Dyes showing different colors with different solvent compositions aresuitable for this application, and examples can be found in U.S. Pat.No. 4,824,827. The vaporization of the volatile organic solvents may becontrolled to occur after a predetermined, finite time through thecareful choice of solvents. In this manner, the color-change time may becontrolled to coincide with the typical amount of time that should bespent in a particular activity. Hand cleaning soaps, for example, may beformulated such that the volatile organics are vaporized and the colorchanges after one or two minutes, indicating to the user that the properhand cleaning interval has been reached.

[0133] Other ingredients generally are present in minor amounts; lessthan 10 weight percent and usually less than about 2 weight percent.Such additives desirably are soluble in or miscible with either the oilsor oil/wax mixtures or in the water. Suitable additives include perfumesor fragrances, emollients, humectants, medicaments, colorants, etc.

[0134] In one exemplary formulation, the inventive composition maycontain at least about 5 weight percent of one or more oils, alone or incombination with one or more waxes soluble in or compatible with theoil(s), and POSS compounds. Optionally, at least about 5 weight percentof at least one suitable surface active agent or surfactant, at leastabout 5 weight percent of at least one volatile organic foam-producingliquid, and/or one or more foam-suppressing compounds in an amount up to15 weight percent may be included. Other optional ingredients likecolorants may also be included. The balance is water.

[0135] The following examples are illustrative of several compositionswithin the scope of the present invention and should not be consideredlimiting. The compositions are produced by adding the oils or oil/waxmixtures to a suitable container, adding the other materials thereto andhomogenizing at a suitable elevated temperature until the ingredientsare thoroughly dispersed in the oil or oil/wax phase, with water beingadded while homogenizing. The mixture is cooled to room temperature orlower and the optional volatile organic foam-producing liquid, cooledbelow its boiling point, may be added while the composition is stirredwith a mixer. Generally any additives are incorporated with the oils oroil/wax mixtures in the first step.

EXAMPLE 1

[0136] This example describes the procedure to formulate POSS compoundswith hydrocarbons as a solvent.

[0137] A pentane solution was prepared by dissolving 1 gram of POSS-OH(i-butyl, 1,2-PropaneDiollsobutyl-POSS )in 3 grams of pentane. Anyhydrocarbon soluble POSS compound would also be suitable, but the amountof solvent may be different. The resulting solution may be used directlyas one phase to be formulated into lotions, creams, soaps and so forth.

[0138] It should be noted here that other solvents (halides, esters,acids, ethers, and etc) may also be used, depending on specificapplications.

EXAMPLE 2

[0139] This example describes the procedure to measure UV absorption bya layer of POSS compounds on a hard surface, in this case a quartzslide. SPF numbers were recorded by a. Labsphere UV TransmittanceAnalyzer, model no. UV1000, from the Labsphere Incorporation of NorthSutton, N.H. 03260.

[0140] A clean quartz slide was flushed (only one side) with thesolution of a POSS containing hydrocarbon solvent of Example 1 and thenair dried. The resulting milk-colored slide surface was placed under anSPF analyzer and its UV absorption spectrum was recorded. An SPFincrease of 20˜34% was observed, as shown in FIG. 3. It was found thatprolonged drying further enhanced the absorption.

EXAMPLE 3

[0141] This example describes the procedure to formulate POSS compoundswith a solvent mixture of hydrocarbon and mineral or silicon oils. SincePOSS compounds are not readily soluble in mineral or other similar oilsat room temperature and even elevated temperatures (up to 80° C.), analternative approach was used to formulate them into an oil phase. Inthis procedure, a POSS compound was first dissolved into a small amountof hydrocarbon solvent and then mixed with desired amount of mineral oiland other oil phase ingredients.

[0142] In a typical experiment, 1 gram of hydrocarbon soluble POSScompound was first dissolved into 3 grams of pentane (or hexane,heptanes, etc) and then mixed with 10 grams of mineral oil. Afterthorough mixing, this oil phase may be mixed with other oil phaseingredients.

[0143] The ratios of POSS and mineral oil can be controlled in a rangeof 0.025:99.9, depending on the desired application.

EXAMPLE 4

[0144] This example describes the procedure to formulate POSS compoundsas a suspension in oil phase. In case no suitable solvent is availableto dissolve POSS compounds, they can be formulated by suspension. Thiscan be done either by mixing with other solid powders such as titaniumdioxide or mixed directly.

[0145] A POSS containing oil phase was prepared by using followingcompositions and procedure: A mixture of mineral oil (12 gram),petrolatum (3 gram), isopropyl myristate (3 gram), and octyl dimethylPABA (4 gram) were mixed first at 70° C. and then mixed with a POSS-OHpowder. The resulting oil phase can be used to form lotions and otherdesired formulations.

EXAMPLE 5

[0146] This example describes the procedure to formulate water-solublePOSS compounds. A base solution in the water phase was prepared bymixing the following: water (64 grams), sodium chloride (2 grams), andglycerin (3 grams), then 1 gram of octa-POSS ammonium salt was dissolvedinto the above mixture by vigorous stirring. The resulting POSScontaining water phase can be used to formulate water-in-oil oroil-in-water based lotions and like.

EXAMPLE 6

[0147] This example describes the procedure to formulate a foamingsunscreen with POSS compounds. Phase A as described below withoutTINO-40 and avobenzone, was heated to 80° C. The TINO-40/C12-15 alkylbenzoate and avobenzone were then slowly added. The resulting oil phasewas next added to phase B at 80° C., stirred for 20 minutes and thenallowed to cool to room temperature. Finally the phase C was added tothe mixture and rigorously mixed until the formulation becamehomogeneous.

[0148]FIG. 4 shows the testing of the material of Example 6 and acomposition differing only in that no POSS was added to it. The POSScontaining formulations had higher UV absorbance than those withoutPOSS. FIG. 5 shows testing of the formulation of Example 6 at equal timeintervals over a half hour period. As the formulation dried, theabsorbance increased. A (Oil Phase): Cetearyl alcohol 4 g Finosolv 2 gMineral Oil 4 g Stearic acid 2 g TINO-40 (Altair, Nevada)/C12-15 alkylbenzoate (40% dispersion) 5 g Avobenzone 3 g

[0149] B (Water Phase): Deionized (DI) water 76 g Carbomer 0.1 gTriethylene amine 0.4 g Methyl paraben 0.1 g Disodium EDTA 0.05 g C(POSScontaining phase) Neopentane 10 g POSS-OH 3 g

[0150] Examples 7 to 31 are a List of Possible Formulations that mayContain POSS

EXAMPLE 7

[0151] Ingredients Wt % Mineral Oil 35.0 DCMS 15.0 POSS 5.0 Water 35.0Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 8

[0152] Ingredients Wt % Mineral Oil 35.0 DCMS 13.0 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate2.0 POSS 5.0 Fragrance 0.5 Water 34.5 Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 9

[0153] Ingredients Wt % Mineral Oil 30.0 SMCT 15.0 POSS 5.0 Water 40.0Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 10

[0154] Ingredient Wt % Mineral Oil 30.0 POSS 5.0 DCMS 20.0 Water 35.0Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 11

[0155] Ingredients Wt % Mineral Oil 30.0 POSS 5.0 DCMS 5.0 Water 50.0Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 12

[0156] Ingredients Wt % Petroleum Jelly 15.0 POSS 5.0 Mineral Oil 10.0Isopropyl Palmitate 10.0 DCMS 12.0 SLS 3.0 Water 39.5 Fragrance 0.5Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 13

[0157] Ingredients Wt % Mineral Oil 30.0 POSS 5.0 SLSA 5.0 Water 50.0Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 14 (SHAVING PREPARATION)

[0158] Ingredients Wt % Mineral Oil 15 POSS 5 Isopropyl Palmitate 8Glycerine 10 DCMS 13 SLS 2 Palmitic Acid 2 Water 35 Isopentane 10 NaOHto adjust to pH 8.5

EXAMPLE 15 (ANTIDUNDRUFF CLEANSER)

[0159] Ingredient Wt % Mineral Oil 35.0 POSS 5.0 DCMS 15.0 Omadine MDS(MgSO.sub.4 adduct 1.0 Water 34.0 Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 16 (PSORIATIC SKIN CLEANSER)

[0160] Ingredient Wt % Petroleum Jelly 10.0 Mineral Oil 20.0 POSS 5.0DCMS 15.0 Coal Tar Aqueous Soln. 5.0 Water 35.0 Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 17 (AUTO CLEANER/POLISH)

[0161] Ingredient Wt % Carnauba Wax 17.5 Mineral Oil 17.5 POSS 5.0 DCMS9.0 SLS 1.0 Water 40.0 Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 18 (FABRIC CLEANER)

[0162] Ingredient Wt % Deodorized Kerosen 30.0 POSS 5.0 DCMS 15.0 Water40.0 Pentane 5.0

EXAMPLE 19 (COSMETIC CLEANSER)

[0163] Ingredient Wt % Lanolin 10.0 POSS 5.0 Acetulan (acetylatedlanolin) 25.0 DCMS 13.0 SLS 2.0 Water 40.0 Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 20

[0164] Ingredient Wt % DCMS 15.0 Mineral Oil 45.0 POSS 5.0 Water 15.0Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 21

[0165] Ingredients Wt % DCMS 5.0 Mineral Oil 35.0 POSS 5.0 Water 45.0Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 22

[0166] Ingredients Wt % SCT 15.0 Mineral Oil 10.0 POSS 5.0 Water 60.0Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 23

[0167] Ingredients Wt % DSS 15.0 Mineral Oil 35.0 POSS 5.0 Water 35.0Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 24

[0168] Ingredients Wt % DCMS 12.0 SLS 3.0 Mineral Oil 20.0 POSS 5.0Petroleum Jelly 12.5 Polyethyleneglycol-8 2.5 Dilaurate Water 34.5Fragrance 0.5 Hexane 10.0

EXAMPLE 25 (DEPILATORY LOTION)

[0169] Ingredients Wt % DCMS 15.0 Mineral Oil 35.0 POSS 5.0 Water 34.0Calcium Thioglycolat 6.0 Isopentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 26

[0170] Ingredients Wt % SLS 15.0 Mineral Oil 30.0 POSS 5.0 Water 35.0Ethyleneglycol 5.0 n-Butyl ether Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 27

[0171] Ingredients Wt % SLS 15.0 Mineral Oil 30.0 POSS 5.0 Water 33.0Ethanol 7.0 Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 28

[0172] Ingredients Wt % SLS 7.5 Cocampho-carboxyl 7.5 glycinate (CCG)Mineral Oil 30.0 POSS 5.0 Water 40.0 Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 29

[0173] Ingredients Wt % SLS 7.5 Nonoxinol-9 7.5 Mineral Oil 30.0 POSS5.0 Water 40.0 Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 30

[0174] Ingredients Wt % CHS 15.0 Mineral Oil 35.0 POSS 5.0 Water 35.0Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 31 (SURGICAL SCRUB)

[0175] Ingredients Wt % CHS 15.0 Chlorhexidine gluconate 4.0 CapramideDEA 2.0 Polyquaternium-7 0.2 Mineral Oil 18.0 Petroleum Jelly 12.0 POSS5.0 Fragrance 0.3 Water 34.5 Pentane 10.0

EXAMPLE 32 (ACNE CLEANSER)

[0176] Ingredients Wt % DCMS 12.0 ALS 3.0 Polyquaternium-7 0.2 MineralOil 25.0 POSS 5.0 Benzoyl Peroxide 5.0 Glycerine 5.0 Water 34.5Fragrance 0.3 Pentane 10.0

[0177] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, changes andvariations to the invention are considered to be within the ability ofthose skilled in the art. Examples of such changes are contained in thepatents identified above, each of which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety to the extent it is consistent with thisspecification. Such changes and variations are intended by the inventorsto be within the scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition for surface cleaning and protectioncomprising a molecular-level multi-functional ingredient having organicand inorganic portions and selected from the group consisting ofpolyhederal oligomeric silsequioxanes (POSS) compounds, zeolites,cyclomacroethers, porphyrins, foldamers, dendrimers, cyclodextrins andderivatives and mixtures thereof.
 2. The composition of claim 1 furthercomprising a moiety attached to said molecular-level multi-functionalingredient wherein said moiety is selected from the group consisting ofalkyls, alcohols, alkoxysilanes, amines, chlorosilanes, epoxides,esters, halides, methacrylates, molecular silicas, nitrites,norbornenes, olefins, phosphines, silanes, silanols, styrenic polymers,polyolefins and mixtures thereof.
 3. The composition of claim 1 whereinsaid reactive moiety is bonded directly to said molecular-levelmulti-functional ingredient.
 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein saidreactive moiety is bonded to said molecular-level multi-functionalingredient through an organic, siloxane or organosiloxane group.
 5. Thecomposition of claim 1 wherein said molecular-level multi-functionalingredient is a POSS compound having a cage composed of silicon andoxygen, and having a molecular formula of Si_(x) O_(3/2x) R_(x) where xranges from 4 to 60, and R is a moiety selected from the groupconsisting of alkyls, alcohols, alkoxysilanes, amines, chlorosilanes,epoxides, esters, halides, methacrylates, molecular silicas, nitriles,norbornenes, olefins, phosphines, silanes, silanols, styrenic polymers,polyolefins, and mixtures thereof, which is bonded directly to saidsilicon atoms forming said cage.
 6. The composition of claim 5 wherein xis a number selected from the group consisting of 4, 8, 10, 12 and 14.7. The composition of claim 5 which is present in a product selectedfrom the group consisting of lotions, creams, aerosols, gels, soaps,medicinal lotions, fabric cleansers, furniture polishes, automobilepolishes, and a cleanser for surfaces.
 8. The composition of claim 5further comprising a volatile organic foam-producing liquid in an amountbetween about 1 and 20 weight percent.
 9. The composition of claim 5further comprising a volatile organic foam-producing liquid in an amountbetween about 7 and 12 weight percent.
 10. The composition of claim 8further comprising a color dye.
 11. The composition of claim 10 whereinsaid color changes after a predetermined time interval.
 12. Thecomposition of claim 5 which is present in a product selected from thegroup consisting of lotions, creams, aerosols, gels, soaps, andmedicinal lotions which is applied to an item selected from the groupconsisting of facial tissue, toilet tissue, diapers, training pants,feminine hygiene products and adult care products.
 13. A compositioncomprising water in an amount of between about 10 and 90 weight percentand a POSS compound in an amount of between a positive amount and 50weight percent, and hydrocarbon.
 14. The composition of claim 12comprising between about 20 and 60 weight percent water, between about 2and 10 weight percent POSS, and hydrocarbon.
 15. The composition ofclaim 12 further comprising a surfactant in an amount of between about apositive amount and 10 weight percent.
 16. The composition of claim 14further comprising a foam suppressing compound in an amount of betweenabout 1 and 15 weight percent.
 17. The composition of claim 15 furthercomprising a color dye.
 18. The composition of claim 16 wherein saidcolor changes after a predetermined time interval.
 19. A composition todeliver active agents to skin comprising a POSS compound having a cageand further comprising a bioactive agent selected from the groupconsisting of sunscreens, antimicrobials, deodorants, skin protectants,skin moisturizers, artificial skin coloring, topical drugs andrepellents to microorganisms, chemicals, insect bites, water, plantirritants and other skin irritants.
 20. The composition of claim 19wherein said bioactive agent is a repellent to microorganisms,chemicals, insect bites, water, and plant irritants
 21. The compositionof claim 19 wherein said bioactive agent is an antimicrobial selectedfrom the group consisting of phenol, creosols, hydrozybenzoates,resorcinol, 4-hexylresorcinol, hexachlorophene, triclosan,salicylanilide, tetracycline, quinolones, bacitracin, gramicidin,polymyxin B, streptomycin B, neomycin A, erythromycin, gentamicin,chlorhexidine, pyrithione, miconazole, thimersal, triclocarban,cloflucarban and various penicillins.
 22. The composition of claim 21wherein said antimicrobial is triclosan.
 23. The composition of claim 21wherein said antimicrobial is neomycin A.
 24. The composition of claim21 wherein said antimicrobial is bacitracin.
 25. The composition ofclaim 19 wherein said bioactive agent is a sunscreen which includes a UVabsorbing agent selected from the group consisting of oxybenzone,dioxybenzone, sulisobenzone, methyl anthranilate, para-aminobenzoicacid, amyl paradimethyaminobenzoate, ethyl4-bis(hydroxypropyl)para-aminobenzoate, diethanolaminepara-methyoxycinnamate, 2-ethoxyethyl para-methoxycinnamate, ethylhexylpara methoxycinnamate, octyl paramethoxycinnamate, isoamylpara-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl 2 cyano-3,3-diphenyl-acrylate,2-ethylhexyl salicylate, homomenthyl salicylate, glyceryl aminobenzoate,triethanolamine salicylate, digalloyl trioleate, lawsone withdihydroxyacetone, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, benzylidinecamphor, avobenzone, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and mixtures thereof.26. The composition of claim 25 wherein said sunscreen includes titaniumdioxide.
 27. The composition of claim 25 wherein said sunscreen includeszinc oxide.
 28. A composition for breathable skin protection comprisinga POSS compound having at least one polymeric segment selected from thegroup consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, silicon oils, polyvinyl,polycarbonate, polyurethane, poly(diorgano)siloxane, polysulfone,polyamide, poly(epoxide), polyepichlorohydrin, polyether, polyester,polyketone, and polyalkylene, wherein the organo-group of thepoly(diorgano)siloxane is selected from the group consisting of methyl,ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl,hexyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl, the polyvinyl is selected from the groupconsisting of polyvinyl alcohol, poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene),polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl bromide, poly(vinyl acetate),poly(alkyl)acrylate, poly(alkyl)methacrylate, poly(acrylic acid) or saltthereof, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) orsalt thereof, and poly(vinyl methyl ketone), the polyether is selectedfrom the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propyleneglycol), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene succinate),polyacetal, and polytetrahydrofuran, and the polyalkylene is selectedfrom the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene andpolybutadiene.
 29. The composition of claim 28 further comprising avolatile organic solvent.